April 3, 2013
General Motors' German brand Opel said on Wednesday that it had found no evidence in a crash test on its new Mokka SUV that HFO-1234yf could catch fire in a collision and release toxic fumes. They said a realistic test conducted together with the independent testing agency TÜV Rheinland had failed to ignite refrigerant that leaked from the system after impact.
The test is the first to be published since Daimler said in September that HFO-1234yf, the only air conditioning coolant on the market that conforms to a new European Union directive on greenhouse gases, could be the primary source for a vehicle fire.
Opel began installing HFO-1234yf-based systems in its Mokka model at the start of the year but Daimler is violating the EU directive by continuing exclusively to use the non-flammable R134a.
Opel research and development chief Michael Ableson said there was "no alternative in the near future to refrigerant HFO-1234yf. Other possibilities such as CO2-based refrigerants are still in the development stage and are years away from entering the market".
CRASH SIMULATIONS
Daimler says frontal crash simulations that it conducted internally last August showed that a fire could ignite under the hood of a car when the new Honeywell refrigerant, mixed with air conditioning lubricant, came into contact with the manifold of a turbo-charged petrol engine at around 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 Fahrenheit).
Opel said on Wednesday it had crash-tested a 1.4 litre turbo-charged Mokka at a speed of 50 km/h (31 mph) against a movable deformable barrier, meant to simulate driving headlong into the last car in a tailback.
It said the impact had damaged the air conditioning system, causing a leak near the Mokka's hot engine manifold, but without causing a fire.
Gunnar Pflug, head of the traffic safety centre at TÜV Rheinland, said the test had been designed and conducted under TÜV Rheinland's supervision to recreate the extreme conditions that Daimler says are necessary to induce a fire. It included reaching an engine temperature more than 100 degrees Celsius higher than that recorded by Daimler.
"Much faster speeds and there would have been nothing left of the engine compartment, basically," he said. "What we did was no standard test, this was the first of its kind."
Manufacturer Honeywell concedes that the mixture is indeed flammable and releases toxic gases when burning, but argues that Daimler's simulations employed 'ideal' conditions expressly designed to create a desired effect.
Daimler, Mercedes' parent, says simulations as opposed to real crash tests were necessary because each car deforms differently during impact, even if the same test parameters are always applied.
Pflug said this was only partly true.
"The same parts are not always damaged exactly the same way down to the millimetre, but if it isn't the third air conditioning fin that breaks, then it's the second or seventh," he said.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/03/gm-honeywell-daimler-refrigerant-idUSL5N0CQ3GL20130403
Thursday, April 4, 2013
Monday, April 1, 2013
2014 North American Light pick-up powertrains
April 1, 2013
General Motors (Sierra 1500):
- 4.3L EcoTec3 V-6 (available summer 2013)
- 5.3L EcoTec3 V-8 (available spring 2013)
- 6.2L EcoTec3 V-8 (available `later in 2013)
All engines are naturally aspirated and feature: direct injection, cylinder deactivation (i.e., switch to 4-cylinder operation at light load) and continuously variable valve timing. All will be matched to six-speed transmissions.
Ford (F-150)
- 3.7 L V6
- 5.0 L V8
- 6.2 L V8
- 3.5 L twin-turbocharged EcoBoost
Dodge (Ram 1500)
- 3.6 L Pentastar VVT V6
- 4.7 L Flex Fuel V8
- 5.7 L HEMI VVT V8 with FuelSaver MDS
- 3.0 L V-6 EcoDiesel (available Q3 2013)
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